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IAM (Identity and Access Management) in Google Cloud provides essential access control to resources within the cloud environment. It allows organizations to manage who has what access to which resources, establishing fine-grained permissions and roles for individuals or groups. This is crucial for ensuring that only authorized users can perform specific actions on cloud assets, such as computing resources, storage, networks, and services, thereby enhancing security and governance.

IAM also allows for the establishment of identity policies that dictate how access is granted, whether through roles, permissions, or service accounts. Because Google Cloud environments can contain sensitive data and critical services, managing access effectively through IAM helps prevent unauthorized access or misuse of resources.

In summary, IAM serves as the backbone of security in Google Cloud, enabling organizations to implement access controls that align with their operational needs while safeguarding their resources.